India has intensified its efforts to address illegal immigration from Bangladesh, implementing stringent new policies and deportation procedures that mark a significant shift in bilateral immigration management. Recent developments highlight the complex challenges both nations face in managing cross-border migration.
Streamlined Deportation Process
The Home Ministry has set a 30-day deadline for deportation procedures, significantly accelerating the identification and removal process for illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and Myanmar. India has asked Bangladesh to expedite verification of over 2,300 illegal migrants for deportation, demonstrating the scale of current enforcement efforts.
Recent Enforcement Actions
Maharashtra Police launched extensive operations targeting illegal Bangladeshi immigrants, particularly focusing on construction sites and domestic workers. Security risks posed by illegal Bangladeshi immigrants due to rise in crime rates, particularly threats of terrorism and religious intolerance have prompted law enforcement agencies to intensify their crackdowns.
Using “data analytics” and “ground intelligence,” 14 illegal immigrants were deported in December 2024, showcasing India’s tech-enabled approach to immigration enforcement. Delhi Police has also taken decisive action, with 121 illegal Bangladeshi immigrants detained with their deportation process being initiated through the Foreigners Regional Registration Office.
“Operation Push-Back” Controversy
Operation Push-Back, initiated by India in May 2025, forcibly returned hundreds of undocumented migrants, including Bangladeshis and Rohingya, causing humanitarian and diplomatic crises. This operation has drawn international attention and raised concerns about bilateral relations between the neighboring countries.
Legal Framework and Documentation
Standard Operating Procedure exists for detection and deportation of illegal Bangladeshi migrants and for repatriation of rescued victims of trafficking. The systematic approach involves Border Security Force coordination with state police forces to intercept and process illegal border crossings.
Several states have implemented the National Register of Citizens (NRC) framework to identify undocumented immigrants. It is estimated that over 15 million Bangladeshi immigrants are living in India, though these figures remain disputed by various organizations.
Political and Security Implications
The illegal immigration issue has become increasingly politicized, particularly with upcoming elections in Delhi. Political parties take to anti-immigrant rhetoric and penal action as the topic gains electoral significance.
Conclusion
India’s enhanced immigration enforcement reflects growing security concerns and administrative capacity to manage cross-border migration. While these measures aim to strengthen border security and legal compliance, they also highlight the need for comprehensive bilateral cooperation between India and Bangladesh to address the root causes of irregular migration and ensure humanitarian standards in enforcement procedures.